Bio-fuels Impact on Food Pricing Depends on Location

The impact of bio-fuels on the price of food has been debated almost from the initiation of the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS). Most U.S. studies place the impact at 25% or below. A recent EU study places it at 75%. I have seen figures that indicate the impact to be around 150% in Africa. In spite of the apparent inconsistency of these numbers, they reflect the reality of food in each of the areas mentioned.

In the U.S., the majority of food consumed is highly processed. It comes frequently in ready-to-eat packaging, or in heat-and-serve form. In that case, the raw food product makes up only a small percentage of the overall cost of the finished product. A significant increase in the raw commodity price has only minimal effect on the cost of the consumer-ready item.

In Europe, food preferences favor less processing. The items are impacted more by increases in the basic commodity price. In Africa, food items are frequently the raw commodity and all preparation occurs after purchase. In that case, the raw commodity price makes up an extremely high percentage of the cost of the item with the remainder going to transportation costs and profits through the production-to-retailer chain.

The bottom line is that bio-fuels do have a significant impact on worldwide food prices. The severity of that impact depends on the affluence of the society that we are examining. Those least able to afford the impact are the ones most greatly affected.